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The status of women in Pakistan is one of systemic gender subordination even though it varies considerably across classes, regions, and the rural/urban divide due to uneven socioeconomic development and the impact of tribal, feudal, and capitalist social formations on women's lives. The Pakistani women of today do, however, enjoy a better status than the past. The stance of religious bodies has been mainly antagonistic towards women. Even rape victims have not been allowed to use DNA evidence to prove their cases, however the All Pakistan Ulema Council recently issued fatwas denouncing "honour killings"〔http://www.onislam.net/english/news/asia-pacific/473111-pakistan-ulemas-reject-un-islamic-honor-killings.html〕 Other improvements are also being made as Lahore has inaugurated its first service of lady traffic wardens to manage the traffic 〔http://www.thenews.com.pk/article-142700-Lady-wardens-to-manage-Lahore-city-traffic〕 and even the country's most conservative province is planning to increase the percentage of women in the police force.〔http://www.aljazeera.com/video/asia/2014/01/pakistani-police-seeks-recruit-more-women-20141711412263770.html〕 Even with these improvements the situation of women in Pakistan remains dire with rampant domestic abuse, high rate of child marriages and forced marriages. Pakistan is currently the third worst country in the world for women. According to reports by new economy "Many of Pakistan’s cultural and religious practices pose a huge threat to women, particularly child and forced marriage, acid attacks and punishment by stoning." ==History== Historically, Muslim reformers such as Syed Ahmad Khan tried to bring education to women, limit polygamy, and empower women in other ways through education.〔 The founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, was known to have a positive attitude towards women.〔 After the independence of Pakistan, women's groups and feminist organisations started by prominent leaders like Mohtarma Fatima Jinnah started to form that worked to eliminate socio-economic injustices against women in the country. Jinnah points out that Muslim women leaders from all classes actively supported the Pakistan movement in the mid-1940s. Their movement was led by wives and other relatives of leading politicians. Women were sometimes organised into large-scale public demonstrations. Before 1947 there was a tendency for the Muslim women in Punjab to vote for the Muslim League while their menfolk supported the Unionist Party.〔Azra Asghar Ali, "Indian Muslim Women's Suffrage Campaign: Personal Dilemma and Communal Identity 1919–47," ''Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society,'' (April 1999) 47#2 pp. 33–46.〕 Many Muslim women supported the Indian National Congress Quit India Movement. Some like Syeda Safia Begum of Muslim Town Lahore started the first English School for Muslim Children in Muslim Town in 1935. Pakistani women were granted the suffrage in 1947 under the Pakistan Ordinance,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://womenshistory.about.com/od/suffrage/a/intl_timeline.htm )〕 and they were reaffirmed the right to vote in national elections in 1956 under the interim Constitution.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://search.eb.com/women/article-9077370 )〕 The provision of reservation of seats for women in the Parliament existed throughout the constitutional history of Pakistan from 1956 to 1973. Had General Ayub Khan run fair elections, Ms. Fatima Jinnah of Pakistan would have become the first Muslim President of the largest Muslim country in the world. However despite that setback, during 1950-60, several pro-women initiatives were taken. The Family Law Ordinance was passed. Also the first woman Lambardar or Numberdar (Village Head Person) in West Pakistan Begum Sarwat Imtiaz took oath in Village 43/12-L in Chichawatni, District Montgomery (now Sahiwal) in 1959. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Women in Pakistan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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